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Food - Nuts are edible. Eco-restortion - It is a pioneer species for forest plantation and restoration.
Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal
It grows well in lower montane rain forest, lower montane pine-oak forest, deciduous forest at altitudes of 1000-1800 m asl.
Associated with traditional agroforestry systems; is often cultivated for nuts and coppiced for firewood.
An evergreen tree growing around 12-18 m tall.
Straight, cylindrical bole can be 60 cm in diameter and free of branches for up to 12 m.
Leaves lanceolate or oblong, 7–21 by 3–6.5 cm; base obtuse, oblique; apex acuminate or acute, sometimes caudate; margins entire; coriaceous to subcoriaceous, glabrous, glossy green on the upper surface, subdepressed on the upper, brownish on the lower; midrib and lateral nerves prominent on the lower surface; lateral nerves 9–13 pairs, arched but not anastomosing; other veins indistinct. Petiole 1–1.8 cm, glabrous, black when dry.
It has separate clusters of tiny, white to brownish, fragrant flowers. These clusters appear at the tips of branches or alongside leaves. The tree has separate male and female flowers, with the females bearing three pointed styles.
Fruits ellipsoid, rarely ovoid, 1.5–2.5 by 1.5–2 cm (including cupule), on erect and woody infructescence, 15–20 cm long.
Flowering: May
Fruiting: September – October