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Food - The seed is edible, ground into a meal for flavoring in sweet and savory dishes, or processed into walnut products like walnut flour and edible oil. Medicine- Leaves are used to treat constipation, chronic coughs, asthma, diarrhea, dyspepsia, and skin ailments. Cosmetics/Essential oils - Extracts of leaves, flowers, seeds, shells, and wood are used as abrasives, astringents, emollients, and skin conditioners in cosmetic products. Wood - Construction: The wood is heavy, hard, durable, and close-grained, making it ideal for furniture, veneers, and craftwork.
Afghanistan, Pakistan
Temperate biome, 1000-3300m.
Deciduous tree height 25- 35m
The bark is smooth, olive-brown when young and silvery-grey on older branches, and features scattered broad fissures with a rougher texture.
The leaves are alternately arranged, 25-40 cm long, odd-pinnate with 5-9 leaflets, paired alternately with one at branch-ends leaflet. The largest leaflets are the three at the tip, 10-18 cm long and 6-8 cm broad; the basal pair of leaflets are much smaller, 5-8 cm long, with the margins of the leaflets entire.
The male flowers are in drooping catkins 5-10 cm long, and the female flowers are at branch-ends, in clusters of two to five.
Fruit with a green, semi-fleshy husk and a brown, corrugated nut. The whole fruit, including the husk, falls in autumn; the seed is large, with a relatively thin shell, and edible, with a rich flavour.
Flowering:April-May.