Food - Widely used, especially in the Mediterranean, as a relish and flavouring for foods. The fruit is usually pickled or cured with water, brine, oil, salt or lye.The seed is rich in an edible non-drying oil, this is used in salads and cooking and, because of its distinct flavour, is considered a condiment. Medicine - It is used traditionally as diuretic, hypotensive, emollient, laxative, febrifuge, skin cleanser, cholagogue, and also used for the treatment of urinary infections, gallstones, bronchial asthma and diarrhoea. Cosmetics/Essential oils - The non-drying oil obtained from the seed is also used for soap making, lighting and as a lubricant. The oil is a good hair tonic and dandruff treatment. Wood - Construction: Wood is very hard, heavy, beautifully grained, takes a fine polish and is slightly fragrant. It is used in turnery and cabinet making, being much valued by woodworkers.
Afghanistan, China, India, Nepal, Pakistan
Sub-tropical biome.

Evergreen tree 2-10m.
Woody, gnarled trunk with multiple branches.
Opposite, lance-shaped, leathery, with a silvery-green underside.
Small, white, fragrant, in clusters.
Drupe (olive), green when young, turning purple or black when ripe.
Flowering: Spring.